根據輸送管道中顆粒的密度,粉體氣力輸送分為:
①稀相輸送(song):含固量低于(yu)1-10kg/m3,操作氣(qi)速高(約18~30m/s),輸送(song)距(ju)離(li)基本在300m以內。
②濃相輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song):含固量10-30kg/m3或固氣(qi)比大于25的輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)過程。運行風速低,壓(ya)力(li)輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)采(cai)用(yong)較高的風壓(ya)。倉泵現在是一(yi)種成(cheng)(cheng)熟的設備,輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)距離(li)在500m以上,適用(yong)于長距離(li)輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)。但該設備閥門較多,氣(qi)動、電(dian)動設備較多。輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)壓(ya)力(li)高,所有管(guan)道均需(xu)采(cai)用(yong)耐磨材料。使用(yong)間歇式(shi)充(chong)氣(qi)罐(guan)進(jin)行濃相輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)。是將(jiang)顆(ke)粒(li)分批(pi)加入壓(ya)力(li)罐(guan)中,然后通(tong)風吹散。罐(guan)體達到一(yi)定壓(ya)力(li)后,打開卸料閥,將(jiang)顆(ke)粒(li)狀物(wu)(wu)料吹入輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)管(guan)內輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)。脈(mo)沖(chong)輸(shu)送(song)(song)(song)是將(jiang)一(yi)股(gu)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)通(tong)入下罐(guan),將(jiang)物(wu)(wu)料吹散;另一(yi)股(gu)頻率(lv)為(wei)20~40min-1的脈(mo)沖(chong)壓(ya)縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)從進(jin)料管(guan)入口吹入,形成(cheng)(cheng)交替排列的物(wu)(wu)料小(xiao)柱(zhu)和小(xiao)氣(qi)柱(zhu),利用(yong)氣(qi)壓(ya)向前推進(jin)。
③負(fu)(fu)壓輸(shu)送(song):管道內壓力(li)低于(yu)大氣(qi)壓,物(wu)料自(zi)吸,但(dan)物(wu)料必須在(zai)負(fu)(fu)壓下(xia)排出,可輸(shu)送(song)的距離較短;優點:設備投(tou)資和(he)負(fu)(fu)荷小(xiao)。缺(que)點:運行流量大,管道磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)嚴重,磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)無法檢測!
在水平管(guan)(guan)道中(zhong)進行(xing)稀相輸(shu)送時(shi),氣(qi)(qi)體流速要(yao)高,使顆粒分散懸浮在氣(qi)(qi)流中(zhong)。當氣(qi)(qi)體速度(du)降(jiang)低到某個臨(lin)界(jie)(jie)值時(shi),顆粒將(jiang)開始沉積(ji)在管(guan)(guan)壁的下部。該(gai)臨(lin)界(jie)(jie)氣(qi)(qi)體速度(du)稱為沉積(ji)速度(du)。這是稀相水平輸(shu)送時(shi)的氣(qi)(qi)速下限。當工作(zuo)氣(qi)(qi)速低于(yu)該(gai)值時(shi),管(guan)(guan)內出現沉積(ji)層,流道截(jie)面(mian)減小,沉積(ji)層上(shang)方(fang)的氣(qi)(qi)流仍以沉積(ji)速度(du)運行(xing)。
用于垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)管(guan)道中(zhong)的(de)(de)向上氣(qi)力輸(shu)送(song),當(dang)(dang)風速(su)(su)較高時,顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)分(fen)散懸浮在氣(qi)流中(zhong)。當(dang)(dang)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)輸(shu)送(song)率一(yi)定時,氣(qi)體(ti)流速(su)(su)降低,管(guan)道內含固(gu)量相應增加。當(dang)(dang)氣(qi)流速(su)(su)度(du)降低到(dao)一(yi)定臨界(jie)值時,氣(qi)流不能再均勻分(fen)散致密顆(ke)(ke)粒(li),顆(ke)(ke)粒(li)會聚(ju)成柱塞狀,出現喘振現象,壓降急(ji)劇上升。這個臨界(jie)速(su)(su)度(du)稱為(wei)阻塞速(su)(su)度(du),它是(shi)稀(xi)相垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)向上輸(shu)送(song)時氣(qi)體(ti)速(su)(su)度(du)的(de)(de)下限。對(dui)于大(da)小均勻的(de)(de)顆(ke)(ke)粒(li),沉降速(su)(su)率大(da)約等于窒息速(su)(su)率。但是(shi),對(dui)于具有一(yi)定粒(li)度(du)分(fen)布的(de)(de)材料,沉積速(su)(su)率將是(shi)扼流速(su)(su)率的(de)(de)2~6倍。
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